Ghoneim Elmehrath*, Ortega Tirado

ABSTRACT

Microalgae biomass recovery and vaccine development are pivotal areas in biotechnology, requiring innovative and efficient strategies. This review focuses on chemical-based flocculation methods for Chlorella sorokiniana biomass recovery and immunoinformatics-based design of glycoprotein B (gB) vaccines against Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV). Various flocculating agents, including ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, zinc sulfate, and sodium hydroxide, were assessed for their recovery efficiency. Among these, ferric chloride demonstrated superior performance, achieving nearly 80% biomass recovery in 10 minutes at 0.75 g/L concentration. Zinc sulfate showed the least efficacy. In parallel, B-cell epitope prediction for ILTV gB identified the PH-1 region as highly antigenic, hydrophilic, and structurally stable, making it a promising candidate for subunit vaccine development. This review emphasizes the integration of chemical flocculation and immunoinformatics to improve bioproduct recovery and vaccine design, offering cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient solutions.